Copper, lead, zinc and sulphur separation technology
A, copper, lead and zinc sulfide mineral flotability
(a) the flotability of copper mineral
1, chalcopyrite CuFeS2, inclusive of our 34.57% Cu. Porphyry copper deposits.
Collector: low-level xanthate, black.
Mechanism: chemical adsorption, and copper ions generated xanthate copper; Physical adsorption, adsorption in the form of double yellow medicine and Fe3 + ions on the surface.
Inhibitors: CN -, NaCN, kau, k4 [Fe (CN) 6], k3 [Fe (CN) 6], are used in alkaline medium. H2O2, NaClO by peroxidation and reduce its flotability, used in acid medium.
Activator: CuSO4.
2, chalcocite and copper flotability (belongs to secondary copper)
Chalcocite Cu2S: containing Cu 79.83%, natural flotability of the best.
Copper orchid CuS: containing Cu 64.4%, natural flotability is very good.
Collector: low-level xanthate, black powder, PH 1 ~ 13.
The above mechanism.
Inhibitors: Na2OS3, Na2S2O3, k4 [Fe (CN) 6], k3 [Fe (CN) 6], Na2S, are used in alkaline medium.
Cyanide inhibition effect is poorer.
Characteristic: the nature of the two minerals are brittle, grinding clay, solubility is relatively large, low recovery rate, pulp of Cu2 + ions content high, cause inhibition is difficult, and easy to activate other minerals, the flotation selectivity is poor.
3, bornite Cu5FeS4, Cu content 63.3%, flotability between the above (1), (2) between the two kinds of minerals.
Collector ditto, PH 5 ~ 10.
Inhibitors: CN -, lime used in alkaline medium.
General rules: (1) that do not contain iron content, flotability are similar, inhibition of CN -, lime to them weak.
(2) all contain iron content, CN - and lime can inhibit its flotability in alkaline medium.
(3) the copper content is higher, the better the flotability.
(2) lead the flotability of content
Representative mineral galena. PbS inclusive of our 86.6% Pb, cubic crystal crystal, natural flotability is better.
Collector:
1, PH < 9.5 low-level xanthate. PH value between 7 ~ 8 collecting effect best, Na2CO3, is used to adjust PH value.
2, PH value between 9.5 ~ 10.5 with advanced xanthate collecting.
3, PH > 10.5 after galena by certain inhibition.
Collecting mechanism is chemical adsorption, product for lead xanthate.
Inhibitors, Knox reagent (K2CrO4 + KCrO2), Na2S, CaO. Inhibition after activation: Knox using NaCl reagent inhibit acid medium with HCl or activation, the latter in acid medium by CuSO4 activation.
CN - no inhibition. Except (iron).
(3) of sphalerite ZnS, administered zinc content 67.10%.
Natural flotability are 1, 2 are weak.
Collector: with Cu2 + after activation, using xanthate collecting. Did not activate the xanthate is invalid.
Inhibitors: CN -, NaCN, kau, ZnSO4, Na2SO3 (sodium sulfite), Na2S2O3 (sodium thiosulfate).
Features: very Fe and Cd is qualitative with mixed with. Falling flotability, makes it easier to suppress. Which Cd to recycling, Cd are from current from the recycling of sphalerite.
(4) the flotability of iron sulfide minerals
1, the flotability of pyrite
FeS2, inclusive of our 53.4% S.
There is a certain natural hydrophobicity, but not sufficient, the surface oxidation to appropriate xanthate collecting. Excessive oxidation of the flotability is reduced.
Collector: in weak acid medium, using xanthate collecting.
Mechanism: electrochemical adsorption mechanism. Yellow pills first oxidized into double yellow, lone pair electrons in the xanthate and empty orbital combination of Fe2 + ions, by lone pair electrons of xanthate adsorption on the mineral surface.
Inhibitors: lime, cyanide.
Activator: lime inhibiting activated by sulfuric acid, sodium carbonate, generate analytical Ca calcium sulfate and calcium hydrogen sulfate in the mineral surface adsorption;
Cyanide inhibition of activated by copper sulfate.
2, pyrrhotite
Fe1 - xS, x: 0.1 ~ 0.2, weaker than its the flotability of pyrite, with advanced xanthate collecting, inhibitors with pyrite.
Second, the separation of copper, lead, zinc, sulfur (short for all kinds of sulfide ore)
(a) copper and sulphur separation
Methods: depending on the ore properties. Basically has the following two methods.
1, the preferential flotation: suitable for density lump ore, under the condition of relatively coarse grinding granularity Cu and S can be fully monomer dissociation.
Order: inhibition of sulfur to float copper.
2, mixed flotation: suitable for Cu ore with S combine closely, Cu and S collection of granularity coarser, mineral particle size is fine, and monomer out qualified first with the mixed flotation tailings, and blended with Cu S medicine and secondary magntic separation reelection.
Condition: Cu collector for yellow or black, lime as PH adjusting agent and inhibitors of iron ore, join the cyanide help suppress when necessary. Activator: only the inhibition of lime, activated by sulfuric acid, sodium carbonate, generate analytical Ca calcium sulfate and calcium hydrogen sulfate in the mineral surface adsorption; Cooperate with sulfuric acid and copper sulfate after cyanide inhibit activation.
(2) the separation of lead and zinc
Preferential flotation process, inhibition of sphalerite, collecting galena.
Collector: low-level xanthate, advanced xanthate, black. Usually in the alkaline medium separation.
Inhibitors: CN -, NaCN, kau, ZnSO4, Na2OS3, Na2S2O3.
Activator: copper sulfate. Then use advanced xanthate collecting.
(3) the copper and zinc separation
Preferential flotation process, inhibition of sphalerite, collecting copper mineral. Separation of difficulty is greater than 2 lead-zinc separation, should strengthen the inhibition of zinc.
Collector: low-level xanthate, advanced xanthate, black. Usually in the alkaline medium separation.
Inhibitors: CN -, NaCN, kau, ZnSO4, Na2OS3, Na2S2O3.
Activator: copper sulfate. Then use advanced xanthate collecting.
(4) copper, lead, separation
First generally for separation of the mixture of copper lead concentrate, medicine, and preferential flotation.
Off drugs methods: mechanical method, the ground to take off the drugs again, mixing the washing to take off the drug, Na2S medicine, activated carbon adsorption medicine, heating, roasting, etc.
1, suppress lead float copper
Suitable for secondary copper, Cu2 + ions dissolved more difficult to suppress.
Inhibit lead: Knox reagent (K2CrO4 + KCrO2) and Na2S cooperate to use;
Oxygen or sulfur method: 1) the SO2 (or sulfite) + starch; 2) the sulfurous acid, sodium sulphide; 3) sodium thiosulfate + 3 ferric chloride and ferrous sulfate; 4) ten ferrous sulfate sodium carbonate.
2, inhibition of copper float lead
Suitable for native copper mine. Collector: yellow, black powder, PH 9 ~ 9.5, with CaO.
Inhibitors: cyanide and its replacement inhibitors. Or heating medicine inhibiting lead 40 ~ 70 ℃ (PH 7) or less.
(5) of zinc and sulphur separation
By inhibition of sulfur, zinc flotation process.
Collector: zinc xanthate, must by copper sulfate activation.
Inhibitors and PH adjusting agent: lime.
